Direct Laying is the most popular and cost-effective method. It involves excavating a trench, placing a protective layer of sand, laying the cable directly on top of it, adding another sand layer, and then covering the cable with bricks or other protective materials before backfilling the trench with soil.

• Advantages: It is a simple, quick, and economical method that provides excellent conditions for heat dissipation, allowing for a higher current-carrying capacity.

• Disadvantages: It can be difficult to locate faults, and any future maintenance, repairs, or network alterations require new, disruptive excavations. This method is not suitable for congested urban areas.